During which process does mRNA undergo translation to form a protein?

During which process does mRNA undergo translation to form a protein?

• A. Transcription
• B. Replication
• C. Translation
• D. Expression

Answer: (C)

The correct answer is translation because this process specifically refers to the synthesis of proteins from the mRNA template. During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons in the mRNA and, with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA), assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately forming a protein. This key step occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is essential for gene expression, where the genetic code carried by the mRNA is converted into functional proteins that perform various roles within the organism. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA, while replication involves duplicating the entire DNA molecule before cell division. Expression is a broader term that encompasses both transcription and translation and refers to the overall process of gene activity leading to the production of a functional gene product, often a protein. Thus, translation directly pertains to the creation of proteins from mRNA, making it the correct choice.

The correct answer is translation because this process specifically refers to the synthesis of proteins from the mRNA template. During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons in the mRNA and, with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA), assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately forming a protein. This key step occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is essential for gene expression, where the genetic code carried by the mRNA is converted into functional proteins that perform various roles within the organism.

Transcription, on the other hand, is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA, while replication involves duplicating the entire DNA molecule before cell division. Expression is a broader term that encompasses both transcription and translation and refers to the overall process of gene activity leading to the production of a functional gene product, often a protein. Thus, translation directly pertains to the creation of proteins from mRNA, making it the correct choice.